Analysis Of The Poem Allegory Of A Cave - 1312 Words

Critical Analysis: From Change to Enlightenment Imagine a person living his whole life in a cave, unable to move even his head. Imagine the man forced to stare at a cave wall dimly lit by a fire he cannot see. Imagine people, behind the man, creating shadows with three-dimensional objects. Then, imagine the man being set free to see what is behind him and walk outside the cave into the bright sun. Plato created the â€Å"Allegory of a Cave† with such a man, narrated as Socrates speaking to Glaucon. As an allegory, the story has a deeper meaning than a man going in and out of a cave. Although Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of a Cave† is a hypothetical scenario, Plato uses metaphors, contrast, pathos, and ethos to emphasize the importance of change in regards to enlightenment. Plato utilizes the metaphor of darkness as the lack of change and enlightenment. The prisoners are described as being in a cave from which the only light comes from a fire behind them (Plato 201). Nothing around the prisoners changes except the shadows, which are cast on the visible cave wall (Plato 201). In the allegory, Socrates tells Glaucon the prisoners â€Å". . . cannot move, and can only see before them, being prevented by the chains from turning round their heads† (Plato 201). Therefore, the prisoners are only able to see the shadows on the wall and some light from the fire but not the cause of the shadows nor light. Thus, the prisoners conclude the shadows are the only truth, as it is the only reality they have everShow MoreRelated Dantes Inferno Essay888 Words   |  4 Pages Dantes use of allegory in the Inferno greatly varies from Platos quot;Allegory of the Cavequot; in purpose, symbolism, characters and mentors, and in attitude toward the world. An analysis of each of these elements in both allegories will provide an interesting comparison. Dante uses allegory to relate the sinners punishment to his sin, while Plato uses allegory to discuss ignorance and knowledge. Dantes Inferno describes the descent through Hell from the upper level of the opportunists toRead MoreAnalysis Of Irigaray In The Allegory Of The Cave756 Words   |  4 PagesIrigaray 2: Explain Irigaray’s role as a reader of Plato. What does she hope to do? In interpreting Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave,† Luce Irigaray implements a feminist critique of his work; thus, exposing its aid in the patriarchy, while essentially providing a viable response to the male-oriented exclusion of women from advancing through philosophical thought. Throughout her analysis of Plato, Irigaray is wary of the assumptions plagued when reading Plato and gives further reason for pause andRead MoreKubla Khan and Its Relation to Romanticism2675 Words   |  11 Pages(an opiate) induced dream, the author claims to have been planning a two hundred to three hundred line poem before he got interrupted by a man from Porlock, after which he had forgotten nearly all of his dream. This may have been merely an excuse, and the poem was scorned at the time for having no poetic value, one critic even going so far as to call it more a musical composition than a poem. This is partly true, as the language seems to strive for an aural beauty more than a literary beautyRead Moreâ€Å"Kubla Khan:† A Description of Earthly Paradise Essay example1998 Words   |  8 Pagesthough this poem may seem speak deeply about the world, its conception was fairly simple: Coleridge had been reading a book about Kubla Khan in Xanadu (by a man named Samuel Purchas) before falling into a deep sleep induced by an opium mixture to which he had long since had an addiction. When he awoke from this drug induced stupor, he had apparently 200 to 300 lines of poetry in his head, but after writing the first three stanzas, was interrupted (and thus, we observe a shift in the poem at that point)Read MoreAlexander Pope Essay6204 Words   |  25 Pages1712, when Pope was only 23 years old, the poem served to forge his reputation as a poet and remains his most frequently studied work. The inspiration for the poem was an actual incident among Popes acquaintances in which Robert, Lord Petre, cut off a lock of Arabella Fermors hair, and the young peoples fami lies fell into strife as a result. John Caryll, another member of this same circle of prominent Roman Catholics, asked Pope to write a light poem that would put the episode into a humorousRead MoreEastern Religion Philosophy of Care1740 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿An Analysis of Different Religions, Care, and Christianity Introduction The Christian philosophy of care involves the act of charity, the virtue of looking after someone or something outside of ones self. Jesus Christ essentially divided the Mosaic law into two parts, the first concerning mans duty towards God, and the second concerning mans duty towards his fellow man. In a sense, Christ intimated that we are all our brothers keeper. Eastern religions have a different philosophy of care,Read MoreHow and to what purpose does Virgil use ekphrasis in the Aeneid3194 Words   |  13 Pagesdiscontinuing the narrative and describing scenes on artwork Virgil possesses the reader of a ‘strong need to interpret’.3 It is towards this interpretation the essay shall now turn. There are six ekphraseis in the Aeneid.4 A particularly close analysis of the murals in the temple to Juno, and of the shield of Aeneas will be given. It became clear during the research for this essay that the main three ekphraseis – the aforementioned ones, and the panels on the door to Apollo’s temple at Cumae -Read MoreHow I Read Literature Like A Professor Notes3177 Words   |  13 Pagesor another Chapter 4- Sonnets †¢ Characteristics of sonnets o 14 lines o Iambic pentameter o Lines have 10 syllables o 10 syllables is as long as 14 lines- square o There are always 2 sections- each meaning with its own meaning (although connected) o Poem is written in lines but read in sentences (stopping at the end of each line will make no sense) †¢ Petrarchan Sonnets- o First stanza is composed of 8 lines, and the second is composed of 6 o Each stanza contains a rhyme scheme o The first 8 lines containRead More Matthew Arnold versus Aristotles Poetics Essay examples3833 Words   |  16 Pagesenough the first thing to be said about Arnolds view of Aristotle is that it is more a Platonic than an Aristotelian view. In short Arnold was primarily, though not merely, an idealist. If, for the sake of clarity we could for the purpose of this analysis call Aristotle a realist, we might be better able to see the proper scope of this account. What we have then is the case of a man who was primarily a scientist and philosopher -- a realist in the best sense of the word, influencing a poet and visionaryRead MoreKubla Khan Essay4320 Words   |  18 Pagesand what then? (CN, iii 4287) Kubla Khan is a fascinating and exasperating poem written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge (. Almost everyone who has read it, has been charmed by its magic. It must surely be true that no poem of comparable length in English or any other language has been the subject of so much critical commentary. Its fifty-four lines have spawned thousands of pages of discussion and analysis. Kubla Khan is the sole or a major subject in five book-length studies; close to 150

The Effects of Overpopulation Consumption Essay

Because the world is ever changing, people do not really stop and look at the things happening around them. People do not usually think about how population is interrelated with consumption and how both affect the world in different ways. A population has the ability to expand infinitely so long as there are enough resources in the environment to sustain it. As long as resources are available, populations can grow to large numbers; however, when resources become scarce, populations can also decrease to small groups. If a population is small, consumption is at a low rate. If a population is large, consumption rates are high. When consumption rates are high resources tend to be depleted faster. Many factors go into determining population†¦show more content†¦There are side effects that can be harmful to humans in genetically modified food. Abundant resources can lead to bigger populations; nonetheless, without the proper care going towards growing new resources, there can be a few altercations. High fertility is linked to an abundant amount of resources and increased population size. This occurs because when there are sufficient resources available for consumption, individuals in a population are healthy and able to reproduce and sustain the next generation with these resources. Low fertility is commonly caused by malnourishment due to lack of resources and is likely to decrease the growth of the population because of an increase in mortality rates (Boyd). Due to the genetic modification of our foods, the way we obtain our nourishment is radically affected because the resources are not natural anymore. The vitamins and minerals that would typically be found in the food when it is naturally grown nearly disappear when it is grown artificially. That is why more and more health problems are occurring in individuals. Becau se all the food people are consuming is easy to acquire, but not at all healthy because of dangerous chemicals like herbicides which can cause birth defects, sterility, hormone disruption, and cancer and side effects such as allergens and nutritional deficiencies. That is why more and more people are getting sick from genetically mutated food. Even though the food productionShow MoreRelatedConsumption Overpopulation and Its Effects on the Environment1082 Words   |  5 PagesConsumption Overpopulation Think about a sign that says EARTH Max Capacity 10 billion. Based on what they have the human population plans out parties. They have a lack of space and resources. Anyone who would plan these parties would have to take in account for the amount of people that would have to scrunch in with each other, and how many people would not have enough food to last the party. Which basically makes it so the guests are down to a certain number. Our planet is a close similarityRead MoreThe Population Of The Planet Is Reaching Unsustainable1377 Words   |  6 Pagesexpansion in less developed and developing countries is straining the already scarce resources. Overpopulation is the exasperating force behind global warming, environmental pollution, habitat loss, intensive farming practices, and the consumption of finite natural resources, such as fresh water, arable land and fossil fuels, at speeds faster than their rate of regeneration. Also, due to overpopulation, agricultural practices use d to produce food necessary to feed the ever growing population, damagesRead MoreAnalyzing The Issues Of World Overpopulation1413 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing the issues of world overpopulation The current population on Earth is around 7 billion people, statistics show that by 2050 the world will reach to about 8 – 11 billion people. If we look back on the progression of the world and its increase in population you will currently find that the world population is growing rapidly, this leads to the fearful effect of overpopulation. Overpopulation is the number of the existing human population that exceeds the capacity of the Earth. ProgressivelyRead MoreThe Effects Of Human Overpopulation On The Environment1242 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Human Overpopulation on the Environment â€Å"Can one apple slice feed the world?† If the world were an apple, farmland would only be one very thin slice. The growing population on this Earth has some serious questions that it needs to consider as a whole. How are we all going to eat with eight billion mouths to eat? Farmers have an interesting proposition, they need to feed a growing population with very little land. Overpopulation also has negative effects on the earth through pollutionRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Catastrophe?841 Words   |  4 Pagesexperienced enormous changes in the people number. These changes have boomed considerably and have converted to overpopulation. Currently, the global population is 7 billion, and the increase rate is 1.3% annually that means by the end of the twenty-first century the population will reach twelve billion (Keenan, 2013). Therefore, there is a huge debate going on right now regarding overpopulation. For some people, explosion in population has no detrimental impacts in the future, and it will be bearableRead MoreThe Environmental Impact of Overpopulation Essay862 Words   |  4 Pagesto grow through the decades. The increasingly large number of people that have become apart of the world population has become a major problem. The consequences of the world being over populated has numerous effects which include: Environmental effects, depletion of natural resources, effects on the economy, food and water instability, and mass species extinction. Without a solution to the rise in human population, by the year 2020, 8 billion people will live on earth and by the year 2050, 9 billionRead MoreCompetition for Increasingly Scarce Resources in the 21st Century1214 Words   |  5 PagesCompetition for Increasingly Scarce Resources in the 21st Century Introduction During the 1960s, dire Malthusian warnings about the impact of overpopulation, consumption and resource depletion caused only a ripple of concern in the international community as the Green Revolution and modern birth control methods and practices appeared to provide a viable solution to these problems. Unfortunately, even though innovations in agricultural practices have increased yields even further than during theRead MoreThe Great Human Tumor : Earth s Human Overpopulation Crisis1357 Words   |  6 PagesTumor: Earth’s Human Overpopulation Crisis The best-selling novel by â€Å"DaVinci Code† author Dan Brown â€Å"Inferno† has a plot that is driven by the human overpopulation crisis. Brown depicts a mad scientist that believes he can rid the world of the majority of its health and environmental issues by simply purging the world of two-thirds of its population. But is the assertion brought forth by Brown’s antagonist that far from the truth? When we look at the effects of human overpopulation on food, air qualityRead MoreOverpopulation and Over- Consumption in India Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesa formidable amount of 1.27 billion and estimated to have 1.6 billion people by 2050. What will happen if countries like India keep growing? This issue is known as overpopulation. Overpopulation has become a very prevalent topic in the last ten years and if not controlled, it could affect all countries on earth. Although overpopulation appears to be an insuppressible issue, there are some different ideas and methods that have been used to help this problem. There are a plethora of factors that contributeRead MoreThe Effects Of Environment On The Environment815 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Report Humans effect the environment in many ways, some negative and some positive. While learning about all of the problems people cause, in my opinion that population is the worst thing that humans are doing to our world, but that population cannot be looked at alone. It really goes hand in hand with overconsumption. With the population of earth as of 2014 being 7.1 billion and the United Nations projecting that by 2050 it will hit 8.1 billion we have to figure out a way to reduce what

The Jesus I Never Knew Free Essays

What takes place when an esteemed Christian journalist chooses to put his presumptions aside and take a long look at the Jesus depicted in the Gospels? How does the Jesus of the New Testament measure up to the †new, rediscovered Jesus — or even the Jesus we suppose we know so well? In The Jesus I Never Knew, Yancey delved into the life of Jesus, as he elucidates, â€Å"‘from below,’ to come to terms with as best I can what it must have been like to observe in person the extraordinary events unfolding in Galilee and Judea† as Jesus journeyed and taught. In fact, he stumbled on himself further and further detached from the person of Jesus, diverted in its place by flannel-graph figures and scholarly assessment. He single-mindedly used his journalistic flair to approach Jesus, in the perspective of time, surrounded by the context of history. We will write a custom essay sample on The Jesus I Never Knew or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yancey investigates three essential questions: who Jesus was, why he came, and what he left behind. Step by step, scene by scene, Yancey explores the culture into which Jesus was born and matured to adulthood; his moral fiber and calling; his teachings and miracles; and his legacy not just as the historical account explained it, but as he himself planned it to be. This book by Philip Yancey is faith-building look at Jesus’ life–his family, his teachings, the miracles, and his death and resurrection. Phillip Yancey says, â€Å"The Jesus I got to know in writing this book is very different from the Jesus I learned about in Sunday school. † In a number of ways he is more reassuring; in some ways more startling. Yancey puts forward a fresh and singular perspective on the life of Christ and who he was and why he came. Linking the gospel events to the human race and our cosmos that we live in today, The Jesus I Never Knew provides a poignant and invigorating description of the preeminent figure of history. With an eagerness to undertake the complex matters in the Gospels, Yancey comes across at the uncompromising words of this itinerant Jewish carpenter and inquires whether we are taking him earnestly enough in our own day and age. According to Yancey, â€Å"No one who meets Jesus ever stays the same. † How to cite The Jesus I Never Knew, Papers

Mercedes Benz for KPMG Global Services- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMercedes Benz for KPMG Global Services. Answer: Introduction Mercedes Benz is one the largest automobile manufacturer in the world and is one of the largest divisions of the company Daimler AG. The annual revenue of the company runs into billions and the books of the company are audited by the KPMG Global services, which is one of the largest audit firms in the world. The company provides audit and consultancy services to its clients and is based all over the world. The main purpose of audit is to state whether the books of the company are prepared considering all the necessary standards and the financial statements of the company are showing a fair view of the same. It checks the overall aspects of the financial statements and looks for any errors that might be present in the books of accounts(Belton, 2017). These financial statements are very important for the users and they depend on the same to take major decisions regarding the company and its various dimensions. In this case the auditors have issued an independent audit report that is is sued in the annual report of the company. The company is a part of the company Daimler and the audit of the Mercedes Benz department is shown in the annual reports of the company Daimler(Mayntz, 2017). The audit report covers various aspects of the financial statements of the company that are prepared on a consolidated basis. The audit report states that the auditor has audited the consolidated annual reports of the Daimler AG, Stuttgart, and its subsidiaries, and that includes Mercedes Benz. The board of management of the company is responsible for preparation of the annual reports of the company and the auditor issues and their opinion on the same. In this case the auditor has given a clear report which states that the books of the company are free from all kind of errors and there are no reservations in the same(Tysiac, 2017). In case the auditors are not able to get the required details to form an opinion or are unable to get help from the management of the company during the process of audit, they can issue unqualified or adverse reports. The auditor checks the various departments of the company, the various internal controls that the management has employed in the company and comment on the validity of the same(Tysiac, 2017). In case of the given company, the auditors are having years of experience and have closely scrutinized each and every department of the company and have given an opinion that states that the books of the company are prepared as per the German generally accepted standards. They have conducted their audit under the section 317 (2) HGB. There is also a section in the audit report that consists of the auditors responsibility and the auditors opinion is also highlighted clearly. Pursuant to Section 322 (3) sentence 1 HGB, they have stated that the audit report does not consist of any reservation. On comparing the audit opinion given in the last two three years it can be said that the auditors have been highly consistent in their performance. They have been very good in their work and have conducted the audit properly considering all the necessary details that they need to check to form an opinion on the consolidated statements(Gartland, 2017). The management of the company have been very helpful to the auditors and have given their utmost support, they have not highlighted that they have faced any kind of issues because of the auditor. They have given clear audit reports through the years and have highlighted the necessary parts that were needed. An extract from the same is attached. References Belton, P., 2017. Competitive Strategy: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. London: Macat International ltd. Gartland, D., 2017. The importance of audit planning. Journal Of Accountancy. Mayntz, R., 2017. Networked Governance. s.l.:Springer. Tysiac, K., 2017. Rulemaking gives auditors a chance to provide more insight. Journal of Accountancy. Tysiac, K., 2017. Tactics for driving quality in a single audit. Journal Of Accountancy.

Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible” Essay Essay Example

Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† Essay Essay Example Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† Essay Essay Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† Essay Essay Unfair Justice Systems ; A comparing of the West Memphis Three and The CrucibleImagine posing at place one dark and holding constabulary officers show up at your hosiery and apprehension you for a offense you had no thought was committed. Three teenage male childs in West Memphis. Arkansas and over 39 characters in The Crucible went through precisely that. The West Memphis three is the test of three teenage male childs who were charged with killing two eight-year-old oys in the forests and taking a hatred group. The test portrayed in The Crucible are based on the existent life Salem Witch Trials. the accused in the drama were charged with witchery. Evidence in both instances was deficient and largely oculus witnessed. Both offenses committed were abstract and referred to as the Satans work. All accused in both tests were doomed from the beginning. In The Crucible to salvage oneself if accused 1 must squeal to something they didnt do and so name people that did make it. fundamentally if they wanted to populate thy had to lie and impeach other guiltless people. The West Memphis three had to travel through the tribunal system with corrupt people lying and no manner to turn out themselves guiltless. Arthur Miller portrayed the grounds in The Crucible as merely oculus witness histories and junior-grade concluding. such as the ability to forge a swoon. The characters that danced in the forests were considered dependable and what they said was all that was needed to convict the people of witchery. In the existent life histories of the West Memphis three. the grounds used against the adolescents were black Metallica shirts. the confession that didnt fit the incident. and equals that told the constabulary that they overheard one of the adolescents say they were traveling to kill two male childs. The equals narrative subsequently changed when under curse but the justice reffered back to the first narrative to assist convict the accused. In both instances the accusers could non counter argue the grounds because it was their word against the informants. Before the West Memphis trials the constabulary had a confession from all three teenage male childs. T was used against them in tribunal. The ground for the confession. some argue. is a status called Satanic Panic. Person who has Satanic Panic creates false memories that place themselves at the scene of the offense they were accused of. The offense usually is devil related. for illustration colza. thaumaturgy. and jujus are all known as the work of the Satan. Peoples who are diagnosed with Satanic Panic are usually besides diagnosed with Multiple Personality Disorder. The enchantresss in The Crucible were charged with harming others with thaumaturgy. They had to squeal themselves to maintain themselves from being hanged. This is an illustration of how Demonic Panic is described. When Mary Warren says. Its non a fast one! I-I used to conk because I-I thought I saw liquors. ( miller 47 ) she is depicting Hysteria. or Satanic Panic ; she created the liquors because the other misss saw t he. In The Crucible Hale. an expert in the country of witchery. played a big function in the courtroom. In the test of the adolescents there was a physician who was an expert in the country of stanic terror. Bing experts in such countries are difficult to turn out. the physician of demonic terror did non hold a grade or any cogent evidence that he studied such a topic. He simply stated that he has worked with patients claiming to make things because the Satan told them to. In the drama Hale merely forces people to squeal to salvage their lives. which is non the work of a physician but more of a inducer. Both work forces subsequently on reviewed the instance. the accused. and the grounds and wanted to salvage the guiltless people. Hale describes his alteration of sentiment by stating. Let you non misidentify your responsibility as I mistook my ain. ( miller 58 ) THey besides were unsuccessful. Both offenses are abstract. significance that there is no grounds attainable for a merely strong belief. but both offenses have serious effects. In The Crucible the people who denied being a enchantress were sentenced to be hanged. Two of the adolescents were sentenced to be hanged. Two of the adolescents were sentenced to life in prison and the last was sentenced to decease by injection. Is that just? The adolescents still had a full life in forepart of them but because they were used as whipping boies. it was cut short. Can you name a justness system that convicts people for such offenses merely? The 1994 instance of the West Memphis three and the 1953 play The Crucible have similarities. Abstract strong beliefs. false accusals. and unfair executings are all portion of both tests. Neither history is something to be proud of. nor should such times be repeated. When you look at such similar occures. which are separated by four decennaries. you begin to inquire if worlds truly learn from their errors. Jessie Misskelley. Damien Echols. and Jason Baldwin. the West Memphis three. are sitting in gaol ; they have been at that place for 5220 yearss and expecting their decease. Spreading cognition of this horrid instance and raising support could assist acquire them and appeal and salvage three guiltless people.

How to Write a Graduate School Acceptance Letter

How to Write a Graduate School Acceptance Letter Youve  applied to graduate schools, and lo and behold, youve been accepted to the program of your dreams. You may think youre all set and you need only  pack your  bags, book a flight or load your car, and head out to grad school. But, you need to take one more step to ensure your position at the school will be open and ready for you when you arrive: Youll need to write an acceptance letter. Admissions officers have to be sure that you are ready to attend; otherwise, they will likely give your spot to another candidate. Before Writing Your Letter or Email Your graduate school applications were just the first step. Maybe you received  several  offers of admission, maybe not. Either way, remember to share the good news with friends and family first. Dont forget to thank your mentors and people who wrote  recommendation letters on your behalf. You want to maintain your educational and professional contacts as your academic career progresses. Writing Your Reply Most grad programs notify applicants of their acceptance- or rejection- by email or phone, although a few still send formal letters by mail. Regardless of how youre notified, dont immediately say yes. This is especially important if the good news comes in a phone call. Thank the caller, likely a professor, and explain that you will reply soon. Dont worry: You wont suddenly have your acceptance revoked if you briefly delay. Most programs give accepted students a window of a few days- or even up to a week or two- to decide. Once youve had a chance to digest the good news and consider your options, its time to write your graduate school acceptance letter. You can respond via a letter that you send through the mail or you can reply by email. In either case, your response should be short, respectful, and clearly indicate your decision. Sample Acceptance Letter or Email Feel free to use the sample letter or email below. Simply replace the name of the professor, admissions officer, or admissions committee of the school as appropriate: Dear Dr. Smith (or Admissions Committee): I am writing to accept your offer to enroll in the X program at [graduate university]. Thank you, and I appreciate your time and consideration during the admissions process. I look forward to attending your program this fall and am excited by the opportunities that await. Sincerely, Rebecca R. Student Though your correspondence seemingly states the obvious, it is very important that you make it clear that you intend to enroll in the graduate program. And, being polite- such as saying thank you- is always important in any official correspondence. Before You Send the Letter or Email As you would with any important correspondence, take the time to reread your letter or email before you send it. Ensure that it doesnt have any misspellings or grammatical errors. Once youre satisfied with your acceptance letter, send it. If youve been accepted into more than one grad program, youve still got some homework to do. Youll need to write a letter declining an offer of admissions  to each of the programs you rejected. As with your acceptance letter, make it short, direct, and respectful.

English SLP 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English SLP 5 - Essay Example Following are the highlights of my related skills and qualification: BE Mechanics. MBA Operations Management. 7 years of experience in textile industry where my core job responsibilities were to maintain production plants, analysis of production reports and procurement of new machinery. 5 years of experience in cement industry where I joined as an operations manager. Here my basic responsibility was to look after the existing facility. I have been concerned about location design, selection and maintenance of facility as part of my current job. Operations managers are critically required to assist all the business activities while ensuring the smooth flow of input, process and output (Greasley, 2008). As per the requirement of United States Steel Corporation, I possess sound understanding of location management and hence I will prove beneficial for your organization in terms of future strategic decisions and facility planning. Effective and efficient planning is the core component of achieving competitive advantage because it outlines the fundamental goals and objectives while giving an execution procedure to the company (Arnold, et. al., 2011). I have good communication skills which are essential for managers. Moreover, I can perform exceptionally well in terms of generating electronic reports and analyzing data. Computer skills including preparation of data sheets, online research and data interpretation are the sole responsibilities of an operations manager at US Steel Mill and I can surely perform well on all these job related tasks. Professionally I am very flexible and available to work at different schedules. The operations manager is required to perform distinctive job responsibilities and I can effectively manage different tasks simultaneously. Hence I will prove productive for the organization due to my huge experience in different industries and also because of my critical thinking and quick analysis. I can efficiently meet short deadlines without com promising on the quality of work. Moreover, I can coordinate with other departments including sales, marketing, human resource, finance, accounting etc. In addition to this I work with due consideration to the ethical code of conduct while refraining from breach of law. This can be further verified from my enclosed certificates and awards received from my past experience. I can surely benefit the organization in different ways while maintaining its prestige and reputation in society. I am looking forward to serve you through all possible ways while utilizing my skills and abilities. Enclosed is my resume for your consideration. Sincerely, [Name] E-mail to Mother Dear Mom, I am excited to inform you that United States Steel Corporation is now offering a vacancy in operations department. It was my dream to serve the US steel mill as an operations manager and hence I immediately sent my resume and all other related documents. The Human Resource Manager has called me for an interview on this Friday at the Steel Mill Headquarters and therefore I will leave today by the evening. Although my dream is about to get fulfilled yet I am worried about your response because after shifting there I would not be able to meet you every Sunday nor I would be able to have random conversions with others at home. Surely I will miss the precious family time we spend together.

G Protein Coupled Receptor Function in Bipolar Disorder Type Research Proposal

G Protein Coupled Receptor Function in Bipolar Disorder Type - Research Proposal Example The paper tells that bipolar disorder is a complex psychiatric disease having genetic basis. This is mainly due to the chemical imbalance bipolar disorder affects up to 3 percent of the total population. According to World Health Organization report of 2001, bipolar disorder stands fifth for the cause of disability among the adults. Male and female are affected by this disease in equal ratio. This disease can develop at any age and takes several years for complete development in the individual. Bipolar disorder is a family disease. It is the combination of stigma, disability and cognitive impairment. Depression causes the emergence of this disease in people. The lacks of neurotransmitters at the brain are found to be associated with the bipolar disorder. The symptoms of bipolar disorder are elevated mood, different thoughts, pressurized speech, less need for sleep, increase in the goal directed activity, poor judgment and tangential speech. Bipolar disorder is associated with long te rm morbidity, co morbidity, disability and increased mortality rates due to suicide accidents etc. G- Protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprises a super family of cell membrane receptors with many common features having a single polypeptide with many membrane spanning domains. GPCRS have seven transmembrane proteins with hetero-trimers. There is an alpha sub unit which binds to guanine nucleotides. GPCRs play important role in the development and regulation of cellular physiology. They participate in the diversified physiological functions and are the targets of many drugs. The ligands are very diverse such as amides, peptides, proteins, lipids, nucleotides and photons. GPCRs have many alternating signalling pathways and interact mainly with the proteins such as arrestins and kinases. 90% of the nonsensory GPCRs are present in the brain and they play many important neuronal functions. There are five dopamine receptors D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 divided into two groups based on the seque nce and functional similarities. D1 like (D1 and D5) and D2 like (D2, D3, D4). (Pompili et al., 2011).These dopamine receptors are believed to be involved in the brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, addiction, and Huntington’s disease. The D4 receptor is activated by the dopamine receptor present in the brain. The mutations in the GPCRs have resulted in a number of diseases in human. The mutations may be activating mutations or inactivating mutations. D1, D2 are shown to have a greater interaction with the bipolar disorder. All the antipsychotic drugs block the dopamine D2 receptors and are

Advantage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advantage - Research Paper Example John Lewis is a chain of up market stores that exists throughout Great Britain. John Lewis is one of the best known brands in all of Britain, when it comes to the design; the company has what can be described as brand creative teams that consist of 55 people that help achieve differentiation. This paper will describe the differentiation advantages that John Lewis has in the United Kingdom market. The positive attitude that the company has with design started early in the 1960’s and has continued ever since. John Lewis has been able to take differentiation to another level in the United Kingdom by offering differentiation to its clients as an offer-demand axis. The company initially had a problem with differentiating its products from others in the market because it deals with goods that are standardized. However, despite the fact that the products that the company deals with has the same physical appearance as other companies, it has been able to repackage its products and therefore, the products often appear very different in the eyes of the consumers. The above image shows the way in which the company packages its products, this has been described as one of the best way of differentiation in the market and has set the company John Lewis way out of league for its competitors. With this differentiation technique the company has been able effectively lead from the top and therefore, attract a lot of high end customers. The differentiation has also been intangible. John Lewis is known to be a high end store and consequently this has been one of the company’s differentiations from other competitors in the industry. Therefore, in this aspect if can be seen that the differentiation does not come in terms of tangible perception but rather it is the market that the company wishes to get. One can be able to see the value in the brand which sales on itself and therefore, the object of the differentiation at this position can be to attract

State and Non-state Actors in International Politics

State and Non-state Actors in International Politics INTRODUCTION At the International scene, there are many players engaged in what is regarded as the game of international Politics. One of the oldest and universally acknowledged actors on the modern world stage is the state. A state is a type of polity that is an organized political community living under a single system of government[1]. A Political community is referred to as a government responsible for the citizens under the government. It has been earlier assumed that international relations are made up of the relations between states. International relations can be likened to a series of actions that promote interactions between states. Actors are entities that participate in or promote international relations. The two types of actors involved in international relations include State and non-state actors. State actors represent a government while non-state actors do not. However, they have impact on the state actors. A definition of world politics involving only states as the actors has been challenged since the late 1960s and the early 1970s, since many other actors have become way more involved in the process of international political. Due to this, international relations promotes International pluralism fostering national interactions. The forces of globalization and liberalization in the last three decades of the twentieth century have resulted in a transformation in the world economic structure, thereby undermining the ability of states to govern in full capacity. These great global transformations have had a major influence and have modified the traditional paradigm and theories of international relations, most especially the school of thought of realism due to its basic proposition that actors represent the states, and the states operate a system of anarchy. The realist school of thought has however been criticized for its focus on the state view of international relations and its shallow focus on the problems of war and peace. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITIONS OF ACTORS IN WORLD POLITICS Actors in world politics, states and non-state actors, per Professor Ryo Osiba of Hitotsubashi University, can be defined as entities which have the following three features:[2] (a) They should have overall capacity to decide on their purposes and interests. (b) They should also have the capability to mobilize necessary resources to achieve these purposes and interests and be passionate about appealing for global cooperation. (c) Their actions should be significant enough to influence the state-to-state relations or the behaviour of other non-state actors in the global system. Inter-Governmental Organization Even if states are l the dominant actors on the world stage (which is still an argument), they are not at all the only ones. A group of very important players in the International scene is the intergovernmental organizations otherwise known as the IGOs. Intergovernmental organizations are established by states, most times through a treaty. The most well-known intergovernmental organizations are the United Nations (UN). Some other IGOs include the Food and Agriculture Organization, International Labour Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Maritime Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Food Programme, etc.[3]. Since, IGOs only operate by the consent of states, states maintain their sovereignty. Furthermore, most IGOs really do not possess the power to enforce state follow up with their decisions. At least, not without the help of powerful states. For example, since the United States is a permanent member of the UNs Security Coun cil, along with China, Russia, France, and the United Kingdom, it can veto any substantive UN resolution. In accordance to liberal institutionalism, states join Intergovernmental Organisations because it is in their interest to do so. Their membership makes certain problems easily solved and at a less cost than without them. Liberal institutionalism particularly, focuses on collective problems, such as the security dilemma, the appeal to execute competitive tariffs, and the difficulty in agreeing to protect the environment. [4] There is a need for States to correspond and work with one other to oversee other states to make sure that they are honouring their commitments to acknowledge many of the problems. For example, in the free trade case, the World Trade Organization was created to coordinate the negotiation of tariffs and to further provide a mechanism and avenue for the resolving of disputes. Some of these tasks will be more expensive and complicated to execute without the IGOs. There are situations where IGOs are not only created to solve problems but to provide platforms for discu ssion. Some examples of IGOs and their functions include[5]: IGO FUNCTION United Nations (UN) Maintain international peace and security. Develop friendly relations among nations. Achieve international cooperation in solving international problems. Function as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations World Bank This International Financial Institution works on reducing poverty. It helps developing countries by giving loans. The Group of Eight (G8) The Group of 8 is made up of the worlds leading industrial countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA and Russia). The head of the G8 countries meet each year to discuss global issues such as world poverty and security. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Military alliance. A system of collective defence where its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party Nongovernmental Organizations Not all actors play governmental roles in the International scene. Nongovernmental organizations, also called NGOs, are defined as non-profit organizations who advocate or otherwise pursue policies for the good of the public. Nongovernmental organizations are engaged in issues such as human rights humanitarian aid, economic development, and social welfare, among other things. Some well-known NGOs include the Red Cross, Greenpeace, Oxfam, and Amnesty International. Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) In the 21st century, many people have discovered that by being a part of Non-governmental organizations they could in a way participate in the global system and lobby to influence International organizations. Most have joined as members of one or more NGOs, which are more about members and not states, but have volunteers from populations of two or more states which have formed organizations to promote their shared interests and ideas to influence the policies of state governments and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). NGOs tackle many global problems and seek changes in the world for causes such as disarmament, environmental protection, human rights and many more. Most pursue objectives that are highly respected and constructive, and therefore do not provoke any controversy or arouse much opposition. NGOs interact with states, sub-state actors, MNCs, and other NGOs. NGOs are increasingly being recognized in the UN and other forums, as legitimate actors along with states but is not equal to them. Some of the groups have a political purpose, some a humanitarian one, some an economic or a technical one. There are times when NGOs combine efforts through transnational advocacy networks. By joining NGOs, many people found that they could participate in the global system and lobby to influence international organizations. Some examples of NGOs include: Amnesty International Amnesty International is a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights for all. They conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated. Some of the issues that has been campaign are armed conflict issues and protection of civilians, basic welfare of children, LGBT rights, rights of people with AIDS, womens rights, disability rights, human impact of pollution and environmental degradation, freedom of the press and many more[6] Oxfam An international confederation of 17 organizations networked together in 92 countries, as part of a global movement for change, to build a future free from the injustice of poverty. The well-known organization works to help eliminate global poverty with long-term and sustainable solutions.[7] AIESEC links students worldwide World Wide Fund for Nature works on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration of the environment) and hundreds and thousands more of NGOs to go Wikimedia Foundation Is dedicated to encouraging the growth, development and distribution of free, multilingual content, and to providing the full content of these wiki-based projects to the public free of charge. The Wikimedia Foundation operates some of the largest collaboratively edited reference projects in the world, including Wikipedia, a top-ten internet property[8] PATH It stands for Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, work with the private and public sectors to help with advancing technologies to address global health challenges. Political Groups that Advocate Violence (Terrorists) Terrorists or rather political groups that advocate violence might not call themselves NGOs, but they operate in the same manner which are by interacting both with states and with relevant populations and institutions through violence and planning attacks. These groups held great power and can influence the international relations between states[9]. A group that is currently active now is the Al-Qaeda. The incidence on the spectacularly destructive attack of September 11, 2001 by members of Al-Qaeda, has demonstrated the increasing power that technology gives terrorists as non-state actors. Other than that, the Al Qaeda also placed suicide bombers in U.S. cities, coordinate their operations and finances through Internet and global banking system, and reach a global audience with the videotaped exhortations of Osama bin Laden. International Criminal Groups: These actors are considered as transnational actors but they act in an illegitimate manner. Transnational criminals often operate in well-organized groups, intentionally united to carry out illegal actions. Groups typically involve certain hierarchies and are headed by a powerful leader. These transnational organized crime groups work to make a profit through illegal activities. Because groups operate internationally, their activity is a threat to global security, often weakening governmental institutions or destroying legitimate business endeavors. Most of these groups are involved in drugs, prostitution, human trafficking, firearms and many other crimes. Some examples of international criminal groups would be the Yakuza in Japan, the Sicilian Mafia in Italy and Triads in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and in countries with significant Chinese population. Multinational Enterprises Transnational Actors Transnational actors are actors that are active below the state level as well as across the state borders. There are two types of transnational actors. They are the transnational corporations(TNCs) or multinational corporations(MNCs) and the nongovernmental organizations(NGOs). Transnational Corporations(TNCs) / Multinational Corporations(MNCs). Other group of actors in International relations are Multinational companies. They are companies whose aims is to make profit and their business interests transcend across more than one state. Most times, these Multinational Enterprises do command vast amounts of resources that rival, and even surpass, the resources of smaller states. Examples of MNEs include: Dangote Group, Epson, Facebook, GlaxoSmithKline, Exon Mobil, etc. It is however important to note that these interests of Multinational Enterprises do not necessarily correspond with or favor the interests of the states in which they operate, or even with their home state where the Multinational Enterprises was formed and their headquarter situated. For example, an MNE may be opposed to trade sanctions on another state, even if its home state wants the sanctions to punish bad behavior, because the sanctions are bad for its business. Multinational corporations (MNCs) are companies that have headquarter in one state but invest and operate extensively in other states. MNCs are based in one state but have branches or subsidiaries operating in other states. In other words, MNC is a large corporation operating on a worldwide basis in many countries at the same time, with fixed facilities and employees in each. The types of MNCs are : Industrial corporations makes goods in factories in many countries and sell them to business and consumers in various countries. The largest MNCs are automobile, oil, and electronic industries. Almost all the MNCS are based in the G7 states. Examples of this MNCs are Sony, Honda, Toyota, Petronas and more. Financial corporations such as banks, they operate multi nationally with more restrictions than industrial corporations. Examples are Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Limited (OCBC Bank) and others. Services Such as McDonalds fast-food chain, international airlines like MAS, Asiana Airlines and more, Hilton Hotels Resorts and many others. Multinational Corporations are becoming more powerful as independent actors. A great number of the industrial MNCs have annual turn over sales of billions of dollars. MNCs are most times able to match with most international organizations in terms of size and financial resources. The largest IGO (UN) has about 2 billion dollars a year in revenue, compare to more than 250 billion dollars for the largest MNC. The largest state (United States) has government revenues of 2 trillion dollars. Therefore, this shows that the power of MNCs does not rival the largest states but exceeds many poorer states and many IOs.[10] Multinational Corporations are viewed as citizens of a world beholden to no government[11]. They act internationally in the interests of their (international) shareholders and do owe no form loyalty to no state. They have the motivation maximize profits. MNCs operations support a global business infrastructure connecting a transnational community of businesspeople. MNCs also contribute to their host countrys development. As MNCs operate in other states, it will provide job opportunities for the locals in that state and thus, helped to stabilize the economy in that state.[12] In determining if States are still the most important players in International politics, it is important to examine theories related to this argument 1. Realism: Realism portrays the political system of the world as an anarchic struggle for power and security among competing states. Per realism, there is at all no higher authority than that of the states. Due to this, states in alliance with other states or individually, make provision for their own defence. Power therefore is the only means of achieving security. Security also follows from the willingness to act prevent any state from achieving a preeminent and threatening position in International politics. 2. Radicalism: this school of thought view International politics as organized in line with capitalist imperatives. International relations are structured, conceptualised and dominated by the unequal relationship between the developed and developing worlds. Therefore, a Radical systematic change is important to achieve security on a global platform, security here is understood as a factor of the satisfaction of basic needs for the population of the world irrespective of their national identity. 3. Liberal Internationalism: The liberal Nationalist view suggests that there are certain reasons to believe that the dominant identity of states might be weakening. International institutions, international law, International trade and international commerce have all contributed tremendously to the developing global community. So therefore, we should describe the world not just in terms of state interaction only but also in terms of an increasing community. why states are no loger the key actors Per the traditional perspective, states play the major role in international Politics but after the World War, communications technology has been on the rise, international division of labor and the expansion of global trade, a great number of international organizations have also established. The international scene has changed due to the forces of globalization. It is now of importance that states communicate with one other, which influence international political, economic, military and culture to a great degree. The increasing number of these organizations is parallel to the increasing levels of political, economic, military and cultural transactions between individuals, societies and states. These kinds of non-state actors challenge the state- centric perception. There are two prevailing theories about the role of the state in international relations. Neorealism emphasizes the state plays the most important role in international arena. On one hand, the state possesses sovereign power to insure domestic security. On the other hand, neorealism also stresses the state influence economy in international relations. Neoliberalism not only indicates that the state is the main behavior body in international system, but also affirms the role of non-states, such as international organization, transnational organizations and other kinds of social organizations. As a by-product of intensified globalization process, these kinds of organizations have become more significant determinants of foreign policies of the state. By looking at globalization, the proliferation of non-state actors is gaining international influence and position. Non-state actors can be divided into international intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and transnational or international non-governmental organizations (NGOs). International intergovernmental organizations are created by states. They have official document of government agencies. On the contrary, transnational or international non-governmental organizations are established not by the state, but by some group of businessmen, individuals and other societal units. They have no legal connection with the state, so they are genuinely transnational. But the state can restrain the activities of these kinds of organizations. There are several powerful organizations such as the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the United Nations. Though these organizations own strong power in the international relations, they are entire operate by states. Along with the intensification of globalization the growth of so many kinds of non-state actors is bound to influence the status of the state in international relations. But they cannot substitute for the state. The state is still the most important actor in international relations. The role of the state in the international economy, politics and climate The question of whether the advent of Globalization can lead to extinction of State importance in the International hemisphere would be examined. Cristopher Clapham believes that the globalization is at the core of human existence such that it can be found in every sphere of importance such as the economy, politics and climate[13] The influence on globalization on the economy from State level to the world stage cannot be overemphasised but the State still has legitimate power on certain levels. If a company is to establish its organization in a State, t is under the jurisdiction of that State. The state wield the authority to allow, suspend or close down any operating company within its territory. This point tends to the State the most important actor in international politics as it has the right to determine the scope of a companys operations. States are the components of International politics and it(international politics) is significant in fostering international cooperation, conducting business and ensuring world peace among States. The peace of the world is of grave importance in international politics. The world peace is not attainable by just a state. This goal of peace is only brought out by the endeavour of the whole world. International organizations are making great deal of efforts to prevent any form of chaos that can be caused by war, but still the mantle rests on the shoulders of the state to play the major role in international Politics. Global warming is another issue gradually become a significant in the world due to climate globalization. The negative effects of global warming could have adverse effects on the climate such as the rising of sea levels which affects the world as a whole. States have taken it upon themselves to eradicate this problem by drafting policies. An example of an international agreement called the Kyoto Protocol has been formulated to ensure States take actions necessary to cut down pollution and prevent greenhouse effect. It is worthy to note that such policies can only to d rafted by Stats and International organizations can only support them in actualising these goals. This further proves the importance of states in the international hemisphere. After reviewing the more general treatment of actors in different theoretical perspectives, and if non-state actors are a factor to be reckoned with in the study of world politics, it is important to conceptualize these types of actors. Non-State Actors are most times seen as very having little influence on world politics especially from the perspectives of the realist and other state centric, according to them, it is predominantly states that retain power in international relations but this assumption has been faulted because when realism and liberalism were developed as consistent theories, the influence of non-state actors was indeed very limited and close to non-existence Second, by focusing on the state as main actors, state-centric theories overlook the importance of indirect influence of Non State actor. Watzlawick, Weakland Fisch (dentify two types of change: First order change describes the change within a system, whilst second order change is the change of the system itself, therefore could be considered as meta-change. Although Watzla wicket al. Were concerned with change on the psychological level of human interaction, they note that their concept of change is also applicable to a wide variety of systems. In the system of international politics, first order change is a change that is part of the system and the political structure actors engage in, and thus plays a part retaining the current political structure. Second order change however will lead to a substantial change of the political structure and the way that political actors interact. However, it is necessary to note that an actor may affect international relations, even though it is not in the way desired by the actor itself. This would be the case if the action of an actor is met with fierce resistance, which would consequentially change the system in a way not desired by the original actor. NSAs have been defined as actors that do not represent the states, but act on an international level. They include: Intergovernmental organisations), transnational corporations, non-governmental organisations, epistemic communities (i.e. Networks of scientists and experts and others which include criminal and terrorist organisations. With regard to the first group, IGOs, there is a disparity whether they can be considered as real NSA, because they are set up and controlled by governments of nation states it is necessary to consider the influence exerted by NSAs on a multi-level basis. For example, a NSA may try to influence international l politics by lobbying on the domestic level of a state or in international organisations. TNCs are international corporations with offices and products in different countries. Multi-National Companies can exercise a huge influence on local laws. An example of this is the US-based TNC Texaco, whilst operating in Ecuador, was technically immune to hum an rights claims]. The company dumped toxic waste in the Amazon region. In realism theory, it is assumed that a sovereign country-in this case Ecuador-has to ensure that human rights are enforced, and has the power to do so .Hence ,TNCs only indirectly accountable for human rights obligation s through government regulation .But due to the importance of foreign investment ,particularly for developing countries ,particularly developing countries cannot follow their obligations (Texaco ,with global earning s four times the size of Ecuadors GDP ,was able to operate as a state unto itself Admittedly ,it could be argued that Texaco acted as a pro -longed arm of the United States There have been cases where Multinational companies have been able to exercise significant influence over their home countries .As demonstrated, TNCs show a high capacity for first order change ,although often indirectly by using governments and international organisation . There is a considerable structural dependence of states on Multi National Companies, which will make policy maker s take business interests into account when drafting legislation without being pressured. However, it is difficult to account for such indirect powers without political activity, because they are not trace able. NGOs are non-profit, non-violent organisations that are not set up by the government and are not trying to get hold of power. Examples are the French civil rights group La Quadraturedu Net, Amnesty International and the role of foreign NGOs involved in the Ukrainian Orange Revolution will be investigated. La Quadrature is a civil right s organisation that lobbies for net neutrality on European level. It takes position for ne t neutrality and against copyright extension and software patents and is supported by the American Electronic Frontier Foundation In their recent campaign against the three strikes approach, proposed under the French EU presidency, La Quadrature was quite successful in achieving their goals. Most of the amendments they lobbied against were rejected and s ome of their own proposals put into place instead. Within the framework of intergovernmental organisations, this capacity gives it greater power than any single government (Willets 1982, p24, ascitedin: Arts2003, p7). Thus, after an extensive campaign against torture, Amnesty International co-drafted the anti-torture convention Again, one might question the relevance of Amnesty sanctions. However, Arts (2003) notes that there salting treaty we profound change in the underlying principle of the international community and affected states sovereignty; states could no longer refer to human rights abuses as internal matters. American NGOs supporting the Ukrainian democracy movements have often been criticised for taking sides to increase US influence over the Ukraine. But Wilson (2006) notes that oppositional NGOs were not overly advantaged by Western funds, although support for governmental initiatives was cutback in consequence of a lack of co-operation by the Ukrainian government .Ev en so, pre-revolutionary backing for the government Russia was significantly higher than overall Western funds(Wilson2006).Instead ,oppositional NGOs used their money much more effectively and Western-funded exit polls proved an important tool in preventing voting fraud (Wilson2006).The resulting regime change affected Ukrainian-Russian relations drastically and it has been suggested that it is partly responsible for quarrels over gas prices that affected EU gas deliveriesinwinter2008(Wilson2006,Willershausen 2008). Ithancommercialones(BusÂÂ ´e2001). But binding such NSAs into international agreements banning land mines presents severe complications to international politics. Many NSAs are not willing to sign a ban, whereas some states refuse to join the ban, because hostile NSAs are still using land mines. Additionally, monitoring is difficult. Military NSAs are not bound to law of the state the operate in, precisely because this state cannot retain control. (BusÂÂ ´e2001 ) Therefore, BusÂÂ ´e(2001) stresses the importance of Recognising the relevance of NSAs in international politics individually, NGOs tend to operate on small single-issues, and have much less competencies compared to governments. The sheer number of NGOs still makes the man important actor on the international scene, maybe not individually but as a whole(Arts2003).However ,as demonstrated ,NGOs are not only capable of first order change ,but in the case of Amnesty ,also second order change, by changing the structure of state interaction Terrorist and military guerilla groups affect international politics in a different way .Thus ,in disintegrating states ,some NSAs are the de-facto government(BusÂÂ ´e2001,Cusimano-Love2002).This does not only poses severe problems for the local population but also complicates the political interaction on an international level. According to BusÂÂ ´e (2001) land mines pose a major problem as they contaminate land even years after wars , and because se lf-produced land mine soft en used by military NSAs are even more dangerous Particularly after the cold war and within creasing globalisation, NSAs were able to fill gaps left by declining state influence over political, social and economic conditions (Cusimano-Love2002,Jochnick1999). NSAs benefited drastically from increasing globalisation. The increasing importance of international media and Internet has given NGOs a platform to connect with other NGOs and raise support and awareness for the issues they stand for .Additionally ,human rights groups have been given important tasks in securing the survival of people in humanitarian crises (

The Ninja :: essays research papers

Master of the Orient THE NINJA Born and raised in New York City, Eric Lustbader graduated from Columbia University in 1969. Lustbader has had a number of fascinating best-selling novels, including Black Heart and Angel Eyes, he introduced Elton John to the American music scene. He spent fifteen years in the music industry in various capacities, including working for both Elektra and CBS Records. He is a former writer for Cash Box magazine where he wrote lead stories on new rock acts. In that capacity, he was the first person in the United States to predict the success of Jimi Hendrix, David Bowie and Satana, among many others. Lustbader has taught in the All-Day Neighbourhood School Division of the NYC Public School System and has also taught pre-schoolers in special early Childhood programmes. Eric Lustbader, who travels worldwide in researching his novels, lives in Southampton, New York, with his wife Victoria Lustbader, who works for the Nature Conservancy. Well, I don't want to give the whole story away in this report, so I am going to summarise the story very briefly. The book isn't really just about a few selected people, but instead the author tries to see it from a lot of different perspectives. Therefore the reader get to know a variety of personalities. The Ninja is a high-voltage novel of intrigue and sensuality, richly characterised, fuelled by relentless suspense, an extraordinary thriller, least to say. If there's a main character in the book I think it would be Nicholas Linnear, a man of half-English, half-Oriental origin. A quite special man I will tell you more about later in this report. Anyway, the story begins with a murder, a clean, silent and mysterious murder. The police don't have a clue, so they call in Nicholas, an expert on this type of murders. Nicholas doesn't want to tell the others in the beginning, but he has his thoughts. As the story continues he start to split up the problem and suddenly everything is crystal clear. This isn't the usual type of murder, instead something even worse. An assassination, performed by a man bound by the blackest code of honour and skilled in the deadliest martial arts. This was the work of a ninja, a far remnant of the East. Nicholas must fight against a past he can't escape, trapped in a web of old lust and present passions, he uses all his skill and knowledge to survive.